Geothermal Technology: Understanding the Four Types of Collectors

Geothermal Technology for Architects: Understanding the Four Types of Collectors

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When it comes to sustainable and energy-efficient building design, architects are increasingly turning to geothermal technology as a viable option.

Geothermal systems harness the Earth's natural heat to provide heating, cooling, and hot water for buildings. To make the most of geothermal technology, it is important for architects to understand the different types of collectors used in these systems. In this article, we will explore the four main types of geothermal collectors and their functions.

Horizontal loop collectors

These are one of the most common collector types used in geothermal systems. As the name suggests, these collectors are installed horizontally underground, usually at a depth of around 1.2 meters. They consist of a network of plastic pipes filled with a heat transfer fluid, typically using water or a mixture of water and antifreeze. These pipes circulate the fluid, absorbing the Earth's heat in winter and dissipating excess heat in summer. Horizontal loop collectors are best suited for buildings with ample land space available.

Vertical loop collectors

Vertical loop collectors are an alternative to horizontal loops when space is limited. Instead of being laid horizontally, vertical loops are installed vertically by drilling boreholes into the ground. Multiple loops are interconnected and placed in the boreholes, typically reaching depths of 30 to 120 meters. The loops are then filled with the heat transfer fluid, and the Earth's heat is exchanged with the fluid as it circulates. Vertical loop collectors are more expensive to install due to the drilling involved, but they are an excellent choice for urban areas or sites with limited space.

Pond/lake loop collectors

Pond or lake loop collectors utilise bodies of water to exchange heat with the geothermal system. In this setup, a network of pipes is submerged in a nearby pond or lake. The pipes are filled with the heat transfer fluid, which absorbs heat from the water during the winter months and releases excess heat during summer. Pond or lake loop collectors are an ideal option for buildings located near a water source. They are cost-effective and relatively easy to install, provided there is a suitable body of water nearby.

Open loop connectors

Also known as groundwater heat pumps, these rely on wells as a source of water for the geothermal system. Water is extracted from the well, circulated through the heat pump, and then discharged back into the ground or a separate well. Open loop systems are efficient and can provide high performance, but they require a sufficient water supply and may be subject to regulatory restrictions in some areas. Architects considering this option should consult with local authorities and water experts to ensure compliance and feasibility.

In conclusion

In conclusion, geothermal technology offers architects a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for building design. By understanding the four main types of geothermal collectors - horizontal loop, vertical loop, pond/lake loop, and open loop - architects can choose the most suitable option based on site conditions, space availability, and project requirements. With proper planning and implementation, geothermal systems can significantly reduce energy consumption and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future for the built environment. To find out more about how Mesh can help implement geothermal technology in your next project, get in touch today.

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Our Christmas Message

by Doug Johnson • 9 December 2025

As the year draws to a close, the Mesh team has been out in the community helping to spread some much-needed festive cheer. From fundraising in Santa suits, food donations for local families and donating warm clothing for those who need it most, the team has embraced the spirit of giving in the run-up to Christmas. Running for a Cause: The Guildford Santa Fun Run Despite the wet weather, members of the Mesh team braved the elements for the Guildford Santa Fun Run, raising money for the children’s charity, Challengers. Joined by Jacqueline Smith from our client TALO, Mesh’s Founder and Director Doug Johnson, along with Maria Fiore and Ilianna Filippopoulou, completed the festive run in full Santa attire. The team also reached their fundraising target, helping Challengers continue its exceptional work in supporting disabled children and young people in the community. Supporting Local Families in Need through the Lions Christmas Food Parcel Appeal For another year, Mesh proudly supported the Lions’ Christmas Food Parcel Appeal, helping to provide food parcels to individuals and families in need over the festive period. Thanks to the generosity of the Mesh team and many local businesses and residents, a huge selection of donated goods is now being sorted and delivered by the incredible volunteers at Lions Farnham. This annual initiative continues to be a meaningful way for us to support vulnerable members of our local community during what can be a really challenging time of year. The Coats for All Initiative Mesh has also taken part in the Coats for All initiative, a brilliant scheme that distributes warm, good-quality coats to anyone who needs one. Through the generosity of colleagues, friends, and partners who donated pre-loved coats in excellent condition, we are helping to ensure that more people can stay warm this winter. Many local libraries are acting as collection points, making this a simple but impactful way for people to support others in the colder months — and we are proud to play our part. According to Mesh Founder and Director, Doug Johnson: “Community sits at the heart of Mesh, and it’s been inspiring to see our team give their time, energy and generosity to support such worthwhile causes - not just this Christmas but throughout the year. Whether running through the rain, collecting food, or fundraising for local charities, everyone has contributed to making a real difference — and I couldn’t be prouder.” At Mesh, we believe that small acts of kindness create meaningful impact. A heartfelt thank you to everyone who donated, participated, or volunteered this year. We look forward to continuing our community support into 2026 and beyond."

Bringing Some Festive Cheer to Our Community This Christmas

9 December 2025

As the year draws to a close, the Mesh team has been out in the community helping to spread some much-needed festive cheer. From fundraising in Santa suits, food donations for local families and donating warm clothing for those who need it most, the team has embraced the spirit of giving in the run-up to Christmas. Running for a Cause: The Guildford Santa Fun Run Despite the wet weather, members of the Mesh team braved the elements for the Guildford Santa Fun Run, raising money for the children’s charity, Challengers. Joined by Jacqueline Smith from our client TALO, Mesh’s Founder and Director Doug Johnson, along with Maria Fiore and Ilianna Filippopoulou, completed the festive run in full Santa attire. The team also reached their fundraising target, helping Challengers continue its exceptional work in supporting disabled children and young people in the community. Supporting Local Families in Need through the Lions Christmas Food Parcel Appeal For another year, Mesh proudly supported the Lions’ Christmas Food Parcel Appeal, helping to provide food parcels to individuals and families in need over the festive period. Thanks to the generosity of the Mesh team and many local businesses and residents, a huge selection of donated goods is now being sorted and delivered by the incredible volunteers at Lions Farnham. This annual initiative continues to be a meaningful way for us to support vulnerable members of our local community during what can be a challenging time of year. The Coats for All Initiative Mesh has also taken part in the Coats for All initiative, a brilliant scheme that distributes warm, good-quality coats to anyone who needs one. Through the generosity of colleagues, friends, and partners who donated pre-loved coats in excellent condition, we are helping ensure that more people can stay warm this winter. Many local libraries are acting as collection points, making this a simple but impactful way for people to support others in the colder months — and we are proud to play our part. According to Mesh Founder and Director, Doug Johnson: “Community sits at the heart of Mesh, and it’s been inspiring to see our team give their time, energy and generosity to support such worthwhile causes - not just this Christmas but throughout the year. Whether running through the rain, collecting food, or fundraising for local charities, everyone has contributed to making a real difference — and I couldn’t be prouder.” At Mesh, we believe that small acts of kindness create meaningful impact. A heartfelt thank you to everyone who donated, participated, or volunteered this year. We look forward to continuing our community support into 2026 and beyond."

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Volunteering in the Surrey Hills

5 November 2025

Members of the Mesh team joined a local charity to help with a tree planting project on the Hampton Estate. This was organised by the Surrey Hills Society, an independent charity who do some great work to encourage people to spend time in the beautiful Surrey landscape. According to Mesh Director Doug Johnson: "We are always looking for volunteering ideas and this charity's work fits so well with our sustainability values. This was our second volunteering day this year. It is very much part of our ethos and culture to make a difference to our environment. These events are also a fantastic opportunity to bring our team together. Thank you to the Surrey Hills Society for a really good day in the autumn sunshine. It’s just so good for the soul!" Five members of the Mesh team joined the day – travelling from Worthing, Bristol and as far as Exeter to help out.